水下爆炸致水面泅渡战位比格犬脑和肺的损伤特点

目的 研究水下爆炸引起水面泅渡战位比格犬脑和肺的损伤情况.方法 20只健康比格犬随机分为4个实验组(距爆源5、8、11和15 m)和1个对照组(n=4).利用1 kg 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)裸药在水下2 m实施爆炸对水中漂浮比格犬进行致伤,采用水下及颅内压力传感器和高速摄像机记录爆炸致伤的过程.爆炸后3 h内对存活的比格犬行头部和胸部CT检查及头部MRI检查.爆炸后24 h取脑和肺标本,观察颅脑和胸、肺大体损伤情况,并通过H-E染色和TUNEL染色观察脑和肺组织病理学变化及细胞凋亡情况.结果 压力传感器和高速摄像机观察到水下爆炸的致伤过程包括冲击波作用和气泡作用2个阶段.5 m、8 m、11 m和15 m组比格犬分别死亡4、3、1、0只.头部CT和MRI检查示实验组比格犬脑组织没有明显损伤,胸部CT检查示有肺内出血、气胸、血胸或胸腔积液等表现.H-E染色结果示实验组比格犬脑组织无明显变化,而肺组织肺泡破裂,肺泡腔内有大量红细胞,肺间质内有大量炎症细胞浸润.TUNEL染色仅见海马区少量细胞呈阳性表现,而肺组织肺泡上皮细胞和间质细胞呈现广泛的凋亡坏死趋势.结论 水下爆炸引起水面泅渡战位比格犬的损伤主要为肺爆震伤,脑组织损伤相对轻微.     

口腔黏膜病内窥镜管理系统的开发与应用

目的：在口腔内窥镜的基础上，应用计算机信息处理、数据库和图像技术，开发口腔黏膜内窥镜管理统。方法：设计完整的口腔黏膜病病历和对其病种与药物的合理分类，连接口腔内窥镜和计算机系统，采用Powerbuilder 6．0、SQL Anywhere 5．0和VIDCAP32为开发工具，进行口腔黏膜内窥镜管理系统的开发研究。结果 该系统含5个子系统：病历系统、查询系统、病种系统、药物系统和医生系统，具有打印临床病历和内窥镜照片功能。经过2年临床应用，累积450例患者临床病历资料。结论 该系统具有较强的临床使用功能和简明清晰的操作界面；该系统的应用实现了口腔黏膜病临床病历的计算机化管理，提高了黏膜病的临床诊治和科研教学水平。     

学习风格特征对腹腔镜扶镜技能训练的影响

目的 分析医学生的学习风格特征,探讨不同的学习风格特征对腹腔镜扶镜助手技能训练的影响。方法 在腹腔镜扶镜助手扶镜技能训练前采用Kolb学习风格量表于2020年9月至12月对哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院60名实习医生和40名专硕研究生学习风格特征进行评估;然后分析比较实习医生和专硕研究生学习风格特征的差异,以及不同学习风格特征对腹腔镜扶镜技能训练效果的影响。结果 实习医生和专硕研究生学习风格特征差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。实习生群体中以发散型学习风格为主,研究生群体中以聚合型学习风格为主。学习风格特征对腹腔镜扶镜技能效果有显著影响。实习医生和专硕研究生聚合型学习风格受试者在扶镜技能训练中,视野居中、水平位、最佳视野每个周期平均失误数均明显少于发散、同化和调节型学习风格的受试者。结论 医学生中不同学习群体有着不同的学习风格特征。在腹腔镜扶镜技能训练中学习风格特征对训练效果有显著影响。医学教育中应该充分兼顾不同学习风格特征的特点,充分发挥学生学习风格优势。     

两种方法在拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙中的疗效比较

目的:观察和比较两种拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙的临床疗效。方法:门诊200例下颌阻生第三磨牙随机分为两组,各100颗。分别采用传统锤凿去骨法和涡轮机去骨法拔除,记录手术时间、术后疼痛、张口受限等情况并进行统计学分析。结果:两种手术方法在手术时间、术后疼痛、张口受限、肿胀程度等方面有统计学差异(P<0.05),传统锤凿去骨组出现干槽症与下唇麻木分别为5例和1例,涡轮机去骨组分别为1例和0例,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与传统锤凿去骨法相比,采用涡轮机去骨法拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙手术时间短,术后并发症较少,值得临床推广。     

Comparison of corneal measurements in keratoconic eyes using rotating Scheimpflug camera and scanning-slit topography

AIM: To compare the anterior segment measurements obtained by rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam) and Scanning-slit topography (Orbscan IIz) in keratoconic eyes. METHODS: A total of 121 patients, 71 males (58.7%) and 50 females (41.3%) (214 eyes) with the diagnosis of keratoconus (KC) were enrolled in this study. Following diagnosis of KC by slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination, central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and pupil diameter (PD) were measured by a single examiner using successive instrumentation by Pentacam and Orbscan. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two instruments for the measurement of CCT and TCT. In contrast, scanning-slit topography measured ACD (3.46±0.40 mm vs. 3.38±0.33 mm, P=0.019) and PD (4.97±1.26 mm vs 4.08±1.19 mm, P<0.001) significantly larger than rotating Scheimpflug camera. The two devices made similar measurements for CCT (95% CI: -2.94 to 5.06, P=0.602). However, the mean difference for TCT was -6.28 (95% CI: -10.51 to -2.06, P=0.004) showing a thinner measurement by Orbscan than by Pentacam. In terms of the ACD, the mean difference was 0.08 mm (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.12, P<0.001) with Orbscan giving a slightly larger value than Pentacam. Similarly, Orbscan measurement for PD was longer than Pentacam (95% CI: 0.68 to 1.08, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: A good agreement was found between Pentacam and Orbscan concerning CCT measurement while comparing scanning-slit topography and rotating Scheimpflug camera there was an underestimation for TCT and overestimation for ACD and PD.     

Toxicology of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol,a deoxynivalenol-transformation product by Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8

Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON) represents a new approach to treating DON-contaminated grains. A bacterium Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8 was capable of completely transforming DON into a major product 3-epi-DON and a minor product 3-keto-DON. Evaluation of toxicities of these DON-transformation products is an important part of hazard characterization prior to commercialization of the biotransformation application. Cytotoxicities of the products were demonstrated by two assays: a MTT bioassay assessing cell viability and a BrdU assay assessing DNA synthesis. Compared with DON, the IC₅₀ values of 3-epi-DON and 3-keto-DON were respectively 357 and 3.03 times higher in the MTT bioassay, and were respectively 1181 and 4.54 times higher in the BrdU bioassay. Toxicological effects of 14-day oral exposure of the B6C3F₁ mouse to DON and 3-epi-DON were also investigated. Overall, there were no differences between the control (free of toxin) and the 25 mg/kg bw/day or 100 mg/kg bw/day 3-epi-DON treatments in body and organ weights, hematology and organ histopathology. However, in mice exposed to DON (2 mg/kg bw/day), white blood cell numbers and serum immunoglobulin levels were altered relative to controls, and lesions were observed in adrenals, thymus, stomach, spleen and colon. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that 3-epi-DON is substantially less toxic than DON.     

Expanding applications,accuracy, and interpretation of laser speckle contrast imaging of cerebral blood flow

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) provides a rapid characterization of cortical flow dynamics for functional monitoring of the microcirculation. The technique stems from interactions of laser light with moving particles. These interactions encode the encountered Doppler phenomena within a random interference pattern imaged in widefield, known as laser speckle. Studies of neurovascular function and coupling with LSCI have benefited from the real-time characterization of functional dynamics in the laboratory setting through quantification of perfusion dynamics. While the technique has largely been relegated to acute small animal imaging, its scalability is being assessed and characterized for both chronic and clinical neurovascular imaging.     

The hidden impact of home adaptations: Using a wearable camera to explore lived experiences and taken‐for‐granted behaviours

Most adults over 65 years old live in mainstream housing in the United Kingdom, yet these can often be unsuitable for an individual's needs. With increased understanding of the relationship between housing, and health and well‐being, the importance of modifying the home to suit individuals is recognised as being paramount. However, it is often difficult to monitor the ways in which home adaptations and equipment are used in the home. This study used innovative wearable technology to explore everyday, lived experiences of using home adaptations and equipment. Six older adults who had received a major home adaptation in the last 24 months took part in this study. Each participant used a wearable camera for one day and participated in a semi‐structured interview while watching the images back as a ‘slideshow’. Using this novel approach, three themes were generated from the data: acquiring adaptations and equipment, adapting routine and changing behaviour, and inconsistent and unintended uses. The findings of this study open up the complexity of the lived experience of using home adaptations and equipment. Experiences from access to long‐term outcomes are personal, and individuals modify and use the adaptations in various ways to suit their own needs. The wearable camera allowed additional insight into lived experience that would otherwise not have been captured without its use, as the photographs acted as a way of stimulating conversation and highlighting taken‐for‐granted behaviours not often consciously considered by the individuals.     

微创去腐技术治疗患者龋齿的临床效果评价

目的:分析微创去腐技术治疗患者龋齿的临床效果。方法:将98例龋齿患者分为观察组和对照组。观察组患者52例,采用微创去腐技术治疗龋齿;对照组患者46例,采用传统高速牙钻去腐治疗龋齿。结果:观察组患者的疼痛评分低于对照组,两组患者的单牙治疗时间、治疗后20个月时充填物完好率对比P>0.05,并发症对比P<0.05。结论:微创去腐技术治疗龋齿患者效果显著。